According to Wikipedia, gout is a form of inflammatory
arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of red, tender, hot and swollen
joint. Pain typically comes on rapidly in less than twelve hours. The joint at
the base of the big toe is affected in about half of the cases. It may also
result in tophi, kidney stones, or uratenephropathy. Gout is due to elevated
levels of uric acid in the blood. This occurs due to a combination of diet and
genetic factors. At high levels, uric acid crystallizes and the crystals
deposit in joints, tendons and surrounding tissues, resulting in an attack of
the gout. Gout occurs more commonly in those who eat a lot of meat, drink a lot
of beer, or are overweight. Diagnosis of gout may be confirmed by seeing the
crystals in joint fluid or tophus. Blood uric acid levels may be normal during
an attack.
Uric acid is usually harmless and is made in the body. Most
is passed out with urine and some from the gut with the stools (faeces). In
people with gout the amount of uric acid in the blood builds up. From time to
time the level may become too high and tiny grit-like crystals of uric acid may
form. The crystals typically collect in a joint. The crystals irritate the
tissues in the joint to cause inflammation, swelling and pain-- gout attack.
Uric acid builds up in some cases due to:
·
Not
enough vitamin c in your diet
· Drinking
sugar sweetened soft drinks high in fructose which can cause uric acid build up
·
Eating
a lot of herring, yeast extracts, sardines or mussels may increase the level of
uric acid.
· Certain
medications may also raise uric acid levels, these include bendroflumethiazide,
aspirin,diuretics and chemotherapy medicines.
Symptoms of gout include night-time attacks of swelling,
tenderness, redness, and sharp pain in your big toe. You can also get gout
attacks in your foot, ankle, or knees, or other joints, limited movement in the
affected joint, peeling and itching of the skin around the affected joint as
the gout gets better, very red or purplish skin around the affected joint. The
attacks can last a few days or many weeks before the pain goes away. Another
attack may not happen for months or years.
How can gout attack be treated?
·
An
ice pack or peas wrapped in a towel to avoid direct skin contact, can be placed
upon affected area.
· Anti-inflammatory
painkillers will quickly ease most gout attacks within 12-24 hours. There are
several types of brands, such as diclofenac, indomethacin and naproxen.
·
Canakinumab
is another option that has been recently introduced
·
Colchicine
is an alternative medication that eases gout attacks. It is a substitute for
patients who have side-effects from anti-inflammatory painkillers. Steroid
injections or tablets are other options.
·
Allopurinol
is a commonly used medication to prevent gout attacks.
·
Vitamin
c supplements is also an option.
Healthy lifestyle
suggestions that can help prevent gout attacks
·
Avoid
dehydration by drinking plenty of water up to two liters per day.
·
Cut
down or preferably cut off sugar sweetened drinks, especially those containing
fructose
·
Have
your blood pressure checked at least once a year.
·
If
you drink a lot of alcohol then it may help if you reduced the amount that you
drink. Avoid binge drinking.
·
If
you are overweight, try to lose some weight. This can help to lower the uric
acid level. However, do not use diets that increase uric acid levels, such as
high protein diets or starvation diets.
·
Healthy
or sensible eating. Foods rich in purines, such as sea food, livers and kidneys
should be cut down drastically.
By Umaru Maryam Hadejia
·
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